What Is an Impacted Wisdom Tooth? When Should It Be Removed?

Wisdom teeth are the last set of molars that emerge at the very back of the jaw, usually appearing between the ages of 17 and 25. In some people these teeth come in without any trouble, but in many cases the jaw simply doesn’t have enough room for them to erupt fully, so they stay trapped under the bone or gum. This is known as an “impacted wisdom tooth.” Over time, impacted teeth can lead to a range of problems, including pain, infection, decay, and damage to neighbouring teeth.

What Is a Wisdom Tooth?

Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are usually four in number — two upper and two lower — in most people. However, in some individuals these teeth never develop at all, or only some of them come through.

Impacted wisdom teeth can sit in different positions. Some remain completely encased in bone, while others emerge only partially through the gum. In some cases the tooth lies horizontally and presses against the neighbouring tooth; in others it stays impacted at an angle.

Why Do Impacted Wisdom Teeth Cause Problems?

The most common issue with impacted teeth is pain and a feeling of pressure. This is especially noticeable while the tooth is trying to erupt, as it presses on the surrounding tissue. The pain can sometimes radiate to the ear, jaw, or temple area.

In partially erupted impacted teeth, bacteria can build up more easily beneath the gum. This can lead to a gum infection known as “pericoronitis.” Symptoms may include swelling, redness, difficulty opening the mouth, bad breath, and sometimes fever.

Wisdom teeth that sit horizontally or at an angle can press against the healthy tooth in front of them, leading to decay or root damage. In some cases, the sac surrounding the impacted tooth can develop into a cyst over time. Left untreated, cysts can progress to the point of eroding the jawbone.

Does an Impacted Wisdom Tooth Always Need to Be Removed?

No. Not every impacted wisdom tooth requires extraction. If the tooth is completely trouble-free, isn’t damaging the surrounding tissue, and can be monitored regularly, removal may not be necessary.

However, extraction may be recommended in the following situations:

• Recurring infection
• Pain and swelling
• Damage to the neighbouring tooth
• Decay has developed
• A cyst has formed
• Space is needed for orthodontic treatment
• The tooth cannot be cleaned properly

How Is an Impacted Wisdom Tooth Extracted?

For partially erupted teeth, a procedure similar to a standard tooth extraction may be used. However, teeth that are completely impacted or in a difficult position require surgical extraction.

During the surgical procedure, local anaesthesia is administered, so the patient does not feel pain. The gum is opened to reach the tooth. When necessary, the tooth is divided into smaller pieces for removal, and the area is closed with stitches at the end of the procedure.

The extraction time varies depending on the tooth’s position and is usually completed within 20 to 60 minutes.

What to Watch For After Extraction

Certain guidelines should be followed after the removal of an impacted tooth to support a healthy recovery.

The dressing should be used as recommended for the first 24 hours. Hot, hard, and spicy foods should be avoided on the same day. Smoking and alcohol consumption can delay healing. Using a straw is not recommended, as it may disturb the blood clot.

Applying ice externally can help reduce swelling. Taking the medication prescribed by the dentist as directed supports the healing process.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is impacted wisdom tooth extraction painful?

Since the procedure is performed under local anaesthesia, no pain is felt during the extraction. Mild pain and swelling afterward are normal.

How long does impacted tooth extraction take?

Depending on the position of the tooth, the procedure usually takes between 20 and 60 minutes.

Can more than one wisdom tooth be extracted at the same time?

In some cases, the upper and lower teeth on the same side can be extracted in the same session. However, separate sessions are sometimes preferred for a more comfortable recovery.

What happens if an impacted tooth is not removed?

Impacted teeth that cause problems can lead to serious issues over time, such as infection, decay, bone loss, and damage to neighbouring teeth.

Conclusion

Impacted wisdom teeth can cause problems such as pain, infection, and tooth damage in many people. Regular dental check-ups allow the condition of these teeth to be evaluated early, and appropriate treatment to be planned when needed. If you experience complaints such as pain, swelling, or difficulty opening your mouth, it’s important to seek a specialist assessment without delay.

For more information on wisdom tooth extraction and impacted tooth surgery, you can visit the Wisdom Tooth Extraction and Impacted Tooth Surgery pages.